Languages of Papua New Guinea

Taking data from Ethnologue 15th Edition, there are 820 living languages in PNG, of which I count 88 to have 10 thousand or more speakers. The Austronesian ones are divided into three subfamilies of Western Oceanic, listed below. So languages with 10 thousand speakers or more in PNG are 8/66 for Meso Melanesian, 4/102 for North New Guinea and 9/62 for Papuan Tip subfamily.

The biggest family in PNG is Trans-New Guinea 57/564 have over 10k speakers, I have listed only the seven with over 50k speakers. There is also Tok Pisin, English (with 50,000 speakers), and three smaller families with over 10k speakers: East Papuan 2/36, Sepik-Ramu 3/100, and Torricelli 3/53.

Meso Melanesian (66) 

Kuanua	[ksd] 61,000 (1991 SIL). East New Britain Province, Rabaul District, Gazelle Peninsula. Alternate names: Tolai, Gunantuna, Tinata Tuna, Tuna, Blanche Bay, New Britain Language.  Dialects:Vunadidir, Rapitok, Raluana, Vanumami, Livuan, Matupit, Kokopo, Kabakada, Nodup, Kininanggunan, Rakunei, Rebar, Watom, Masawa.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai   More information.
Halia	[hla] 20,000 (1994 SIL). Bougainville Province, North Bougainville District, northeastern Buka Island. Alternate names: Tasi.  Dialects: Hanahan, Hangan, Touloun (Tulon, Tulun), Selau. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Nehan-North Bougainville, Buka, Halia   More information.
Bola	[bnp] 13,746 (2000 census). Population includes 2,253 Harua. West New Britain Province, northeast coast, most of Willaumez Peninsula. Harua is on the east side of Kimbe. Alternate names: Bakovi, Bola-Bakovi.  Dialects: Harua (Karua, Xarua, Garua, Mai), Bola. Harua is a dialect that has developed as a result of a group of people being resettled on an oil palm plantation. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Willaumez   More information.
Lihir	[lih] 12,571 (2000 census). New Ireland Province, Lihir Island, and 3 smaller islands. Alternate names: Lir.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Tabar   More information.
Nakanai	[nak] 13,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). West New Britain Province, Hoskins District, northwest coast. 42 villages. Alternate names: Nakonai.  Dialects: Losa (Loso, Auka), Bileki (Lakalai, Muku, Mamuga), Vere (Vele, Tarobi), Ubae (Babata), Maututu.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Willaumez   More information.
Tungag	[lcm] 12,000 (1990 SIL). New Ireland Province, Lamet District, New Hanover Island, Tingwon and Umbukul Islands. Alternate names: Tungak, Lavongai, Lavangai, Dang.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, Lavongai-Nalik   More information.
Ramoaaina	[rai] 10,266 (2000 census). East New Britain Province, Kokopo District, Duke of York Islands.Alternate names: Duke of York, Ramuaina.  Dialects: Makada, Molot (Main Island), Aalawa (Aalawaa, Alawa, Mioko, Ulu, South Islands). Makada dialect is very different. Possibly not intelligible to speakers of other dialects.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, New Ireland, South New Ireland-Northwest Solomonic, Patpatar-Tolai   More information.
Uneapa	[bbn] 10,000 (1998 SIL). West New Britain Province, Talasea District, Unea (Bali) Island off the northwest coast. Alternate names: Bali.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Meso Melanesian, Bali-Vitu   More information.

North New Guinea (102)

Adzera	[azr] 20,675 (1988 Holzknecht). Population includes 367 Ngariawan (1978 McElhanon), 497 Sarasira (1988 Holzknecht), 990 Sukurum (1990). Morobe Province, Markham Valley, Kaiapit District, Leron River. Alternate names: Azera, Atzera, Acira.  Dialects: Yarus, Amari, Azera, Ngarowapum, Tsumanggorun, Guruf-Ngariawang (Ngariawan), Sarasira (Sirasira), Sukurum. The dialects form a cluster.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, Markham, Upper, Adzera   More information.
Takia	[tbc] 19,619 (2003 SIL). Southern half of Karkar Island, Bagabag Island, and coastal villages Megiar and Serang, Madang Province, Madang District. Dialects: Megiar, Serang.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Ngero-Vitiaz, Vitiaz, Bel, Nuclear Bel, Northern   More information.
Buang, Mapos	[bzh] 10,484 (2000). 30% monolingual. Morobe Province, middle Snake River area, Mumeng District. 10 villages. Alternate names: Mapos, Central Buang.  Dialects: Wagau, Mambump, Buweyeu, Wins, Chimbuluk, Papakene, Mapos. Lexical similarity 61% between Mambump and Mangga.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, South, Hote-Buang, Buang   More information.
Bugawac	[buk] 9,694 (1978 McElhanon). 40% monolingual. Morobe Province, coast of Huon Gulf. Alternate names: Bukawa, Bukaua, Bukawac, Kawa, Kawac, Yom Gawac.  Dialects: Close to Yabem. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, North New Guinea, Huon Gulf, North   More information.

Papuan Tip (62)

Kilivila	[kij] 20,000 (2000 Tryon). 60% monolingual. Milne Bay Province, Trobriand Islands. Alternate names: Kiriwina.  Dialects: Kitava, Vakuta, Sinaketa. Various dialects. Lexical similarity 68% with Muyuw. Kitava Island has 80% lexical similarity.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Kilivila-Louisiades, Kilivila   More information.
Tawala	[tbo] 20,000 (2000 census). Milne Bay Province, Alotau District, from Awaiama to East Cape, north and south shores of Milne Bay, Sideia and Basilaki islands. Alternate names: Tawara, Tavara. Dialects: Awayama (Awaiama, Awalama), Huhuna, Kehelala (Keherara, East Cape), Lelehudi, Diwinai (Divinai), Labe (Rabe), Yaleba (Wagawaga, Gwawili, Gwavili, Ealeba), Bohilai (Bohira'i, Basilaki), Sideya (Sideia).  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D'Entrecasteaux, Are-Taupota, Taupota   More information.
Keapara	[khz] 19,400 (2000 D. Tryon). Central Province, coast from east of Hood Peninsula to Lalaura west of Cape Rodney. 3 villages. Alternate names: Keopara, Kerepunu.  Dialects: Babaga, Kalo, Keapara (Keopara), Aroma (Arona, Aloma, Galoma), Maopa, Wanigela, Kapari, Lalaura. Dialect continuum to Hula.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Sinagoro-Keapara   More information.
Mekeo	[mek] 19,000 (2003 SIL). Central Province, Kaiyuku District, inland, bounded on the west by the Waima, on the east by the Kuni and Kunimaipa. Extends into Gulf Province. Alternate names:Mekeo-Kovio.  Dialects: East Mekeo, West Mekeo, North Mekeo, Northwest Mekeo (Kovio). Kovio is a peripheral dialect. The four dialects are mutually unintelligible to each other's speakers, except for North and West Mekeo, but most Mekeo are reported to have familiarity with neighboring dialects. Kovio, however, is not contiguous to the other dialects. Kovio has 81% lexical similarity with West Mekeo and North Mekeo, and 79% with East Mekeo. West and East Mekeo have 87% lexical similarity. North Mekeo has 99% lexical similarity with West Mekeo and 87% with East Mekeo. Mekeo has 41% with Waima.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, West Central Papuan, Nuclear   More information.
Misima-Paneati	[mpx] 18,000 (2002 SIL). 4,000 monolinguals. Milne Bay Province, Misima District, Misima Island, Panaieti, and all the islands of the Calvados Chain to (not including) Panawina, Alcester, Ole, and Tewatewan Islands, and Bowagis on Woodlark Island. 32 villages. Alternate names: Panaieti, Panaeati, Paneyate, Paneate, Panayeti.  Dialects: Nasikwabw (Tokunu), Tewatewa. Lexical similarity 33% with Nimowa and Dobu (closest).  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Kilivila-Louisiades, Misima   More information.
Sinaugoro	[snc] 15,000 (1991 SIL). Central Province, Rigo District, south of Kwikila. Alternate names:Sinagoro.  Dialects: Ikolu, Balawaia, Saroa, Babagarupu, Kwaibida, Taboro, Kwaibo, Alepa, Omene, Tubulamo, Ikega, Boku, Buaga, Wiga, Vora, Kubuli, Oruone. Boku dialect may be most central. Lexical similarity 70% to 75% with Kalo (closest), 65% to 70% with Hula.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Sinagoro-Keapara   More information.
Waima	[rro] 15,000 (2000 census). Central Province, Bereina District, near Kairuku, shores of Hall Sound, between Yule Island and mainland, 65 miles northwest of Port Moresby. Alternate names: Roro. Dialects: Waima, Paitana, Roro. Roro and Paitana populations are smaller and scattered. Lexical similarity 45% with Kuni (closest), 99% among all three dialects.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, West Central Papuan, Nuclear   More information.
Motu	[meu] 14,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Central Province, in and around Port Moresby, villages along the coast from Manumanu, Galley Reach, to GabaGaba (Kapakapa). Alternate names: True Motu, Pure Motu.  Dialects: Western Motu, Eastern Motu.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Peripheral, Central Papuan, Sinagoro-Keapara   More information.
Dobu	[dob] 10,000 (1998 SIL). 60% monolingual. Milne Bay Province, Esa'ala District, Sanaroa, Dobu, and parts of Fergusson and Normanby islands. 500 villages. Dialects: Galubwa, Sanaroa, Ubuia, Central Dobu, Loboda (Roboda, Dawada-Siausi). Lexical similarity 56% with Morima (closest). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Central-Eastern, Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Western Oceanic, Papuan Tip, Nuclear, North Papuan Mainland-D'Entrecasteaux, Dobu-Duau   More information.

Trans-New Guinea (564)

Enga	[enq] 164,750 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Population includes 12,000 in Sau (1990 UBS). Enga Province. The Maramuni are nomadic, and are in the lower reaches of the central range. Alternate names: Caga, Tsaga, Tchaga.  Dialects: Kandepe, Layapo, Tayato, Mae (Mai, Wabag), Maramuni (Malamuni), Kaina, Kapona, Sau (Sau Enga, Wapi), Yandapo, Lapalama 1, Lapalama 2, Laiagam, Sari. Mae is the standard dialect; all understand it. Layapo is between Mae and Kyaka. Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, East New Guinea Highlands, West-Central, Enga   More information.
Melpa	[med] 130,000 (1991 SIL). Western Highlands Province, Hagen District. Alternate names: Medlpa, Hagen.  Dialects: Tembagla. Only slight dialect differences.  Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, East New Guinea Highlands, Central, Hagen   More information.
Kuman	[kue] 80,000 (1994 SIL). 10,000 monolinguals. Simbu Province, northern third, overlapping into Minj Subprovince of Western Highlands Province. Alternate names: Chimbu, Simbu.  Dialects: Kuman, Nagane (Genagane, Genogane), Yongomugi.  Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, East New Guinea Highlands, Central, Chimbu   More information.
Huli	[hui] 70,000 (1991 UBS). Southern Highlands Province around Tari, and southern fringe of Enga Province. Alternate names: Huli-Hulidana, Huri.  Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, East New Guinea Highlands, West-Central, Huli   More information.
Kamano	[kbq] 63,170 (2000 census). Eastern Highlands Province, Kainantu and Henganofi districts.Alternate names: Kamano-Kafe.  Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, East New Guinea Highlands, East-Central, Kamano-Yagaria   More information.
Golin	[gvf] 51,105 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Simbu Province, Gumine District. Alternate names: Gollum, Gumine.  Dialects: Yuri, Kia (Kiari), Golin, Keri, Marigl. Close to Dom.  Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, East New Guinea Highlands, Central, Chimbu   More information.
Sinasina	[sst] 50,079 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Simbu Province. Dialects: Tabare, Guna. Close to Dom and Golin.  Classification: Trans-New Guinea, Main Section, Central and Western, East New Guinea Highlands, Central, Chimbu   More information.

Other Families

Tok Pisin	[tpi] 121,000 (2003 SIL). 50,000 monolinguals. Mainly in the northern half of the country, and now well established in Port Moresby, and into other regions. Alternate names: Pisin, Pidgin, Neomelanesian, New Guinea Pidgin English, Melanesian English.  Dialects: There are dialect differences between lowlands, highlands, and the islands. The highlands lexicon has more English influence (J. Holm).  Classification: Creole, English based, Pacific   More information.
Terei	[buo] 26,500 (2003 SIL). Southern Bougainville Province, Buin District. Alternate names: Buin, Telei, Rugara.  Dialects: Closest to Uisai.  Classification: East Papuan, Bougainville, East, Buin   More information.
Naasioi	[nas] 10,000 (1990 SIL). Bougainville Province, Kieta District, central mountains and southeast coast. Alternate names: Nasioi, Kieta, Kieta Talk, Aunge.  Dialects: Naasioi, Kongara, Orami (Guava), Pakia-Sideronsi.  Classification: East Papuan, Bougainville, East, Nasioi   More information.
Ambulas	[abt] 44,000 (1991 SIL). Population includes 27,000 in Wosera (1991 SIL), 9,000 in Maprik (1991 SIL), 8,000 in Wingei (1991 SIL). East Sepik Province, Maprik District. Alternate names: Abulas, Abelam.  Dialects: Maprik, Wingei, Wosera-Kamu, Wosera-Mamu.  Classification: Sepik-Ramu, Sepik, Middle Sepik, Ndu   More information.
Boikin	[bzf] 31,328 (2003 SIL). East Sepik Province, Yangoru District. Alternate names: Boiken, Nucum, Yangoru, Yengoru.  Dialects: West Boikin, Central Boikin, East Boikin, Munji, Haripmor, Kwusaun, Kunai, Island Boikin.  Classification: Sepik-Ramu, Sepik, Middle Sepik, Ndu   More information.
Kwanga	[kwj] 10,000 (2001 SIL). East Sepik Province, extending beyond the western boundary of Maprik District; Makru-Klaplei Division, Nuku District; Saundaun Province, east of Mehek. 40 villages.Alternate names: Kawanga, Gawanga.  Dialects: Apos, Bongos (Bongomamsi, Bongomaise, Nambi), Tau (Kubiwat), Wasambu, Yubanakor (Daina). A dialect cluster of 5 subdialects, 2 main dialects.  Classification: Sepik-Ramu, Sepik, Middle Sepik, Nukuma   More information.
Bukiyip	[ape] 16,233 (2003 SIL). East Sepik Province, west Yangoru District, Torricelli Mountains.Alternate names: Bukiyúp, Mountain Arapesh.  Dialects: Coastal Arapesh, Bukiyip (Mountain Arapesh). Lexical similarity 60% with Mufian.  Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Arapesh   More information.
Olo	[ong] 13,667 (2003 SIL). Sandaun Province, Lumi District. 55 villages. Alternate names: Orlei. Dialects: Payi (Pay, North Olo), Wapi (Wape, South Olo). Related to Yis, Yau, Ningil, Valman. Classification: Torricelli, Wapei-Palei, Wapei   More information.
Mufian	[aoj] 11,000 (1998 SIL). Population includes 6,000 Filifita (1999 SIL). East Sepik Province, Maprik District, Torricelli Mountains, west of Maprik. 36 villages. Alternate names: Southern Arapesh, Muhiang, Muhian.  Dialects: Supari, Balif, Filifita (Ilahita), Iwam-Nagalemb, Nagipaem. Classification: Torricelli, Kombio-Arapesh, Arapesh   More information.