recognizing different levels of regularity in a lexicogrammar model of linguistic attunement

lexical rules may themselves be meaning-bearing "constructions" of several morphemes at a level smaller that a phrase.

1. utterance token
2. construction instance, wordform, morph
3. construction class, lexical item, morpheme
4. schematic construction, lexical rule, derivation pattern of morphemes (abstraction over a class, reducing it to essential elements)
5. relations of constructions (central, peripheral)
6. hierarchical lexicogrammar

2b. referring act or speech act segment of building a shared information state


For Austronesian,

study morpholexical constructions of stems in usage as different parts of speech


Goldberg + "Construction as Categorization of Language"

"Exactly which categories are formed is determined to a great extent by the usefulness of a potential category in predicting how the environment will behave. ... Function plays an obvious and important role in determining what is categorized and affords similar predictive value to the category. ... When it comes to language, clearly the relevant predictive tasks are to predict meaning, given the form (comprehension) and to predict form, given meaning (production). Thus given the fact that constructions relate critical aspects of form and meaning, their acquisition is well-motivated. Accordingly, earlier work has emphasized the role of prediction in language learning, and has shown that constructions are good predictors of overall sentence meaning, useful for conveying “who did what to whom” (Bencini & Goldberg, 2000; Goldberg, Casenhiser, & Sethuraman, 2005)."

Thomas of Erfurt on modes of signifying